هیدروفیزیک

هیدروفیزیک

مطالعه آزمایشگاهی اثرات سطح بر روی افت و خیزهای سیگنال اکوستیکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه اقیانوس شناسی فیزیکی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشکده علوم دریایی و محیطی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران
3 گروه فیزیک فضا، موسسه ژئوفیزیک، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
سیگنال های صوتی برای نقشه برداری از بستر دریا، ارتباطات دریایی، شناسایی موانع انتشار صوت که دارای اثرات بازتابی یا جذبی هستند استفاده می شود. این فناوری برای کشف لکه های نفتی یا اشیاء روی آب نیز استفاده می‎شود. در این مقاله، هم از آزمایش‌های عملی و هم شبیه‌سازی رایانه‌ای برای شناسایی مواد لایه سطحی استفاده می‌شود. برای این منظور، موج صوتی با بسامد 59 کیلوهرتز در محیطی همگن تحت شرایط آزمایشگاهی ساطع و داده ها جمع آوری گردید. آزمایش‎ها با استفاده از یک مخزن آب با سطح آزاد و پوشش روغن و با قرار دادن فرستنده در زوایای مختلف انجام شد. برای تایید نتایج آزمایشگاهی با استفاده از نتایج حاصل از شبیه‌سازی رایانه‎ای از نظریه استفاده می‌شود. آزمایش ها در یک مخزن شیشه ای به طول 300 سانتی‎متر، عرض 50 سانتی‎متر و عمق 80 سانتی‎متر انجام شد. با توجه به نتایج شبیه‎سازی، تجمع پرتوها در اعماق بالای 50 سانتی‎متر اتفاق می‎افتد. این نتایج نشان می‎دهند که با در نظر گرفتن تفاوت های زمانی که در الگوهای مختلف ظاهر می شود و ناشی از لایه های سطحی و لایه بندی متفاوت آب است، می‎توان مواد لایه سطحی و نحوه حرکت سیگنال آکوستیک در آب را مشخص کرد. همچنین زاویه فرستنده تاثیر زیادی روی سیگنال دارد. با توجه به نتایج، زمانی که زاویه فرستنده 45 درجه باشد، سیگنال آکوستیک بهتر منتشر می شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Laboratory study of surface effects on acoustic signal fluctuations

نویسندگان English

zeinab Masjedi 1
Sara Allahyaribeik 1
Mohammad Akbarinasab 2
Abbasali Aliakbari Bidokhti 3
AmirHooman Hemmasi 1
1 Department of physical oceanography, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Physical Oceanography, Faculty of Marine Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar Mazandaran province, Iran.
3 Department of Space Physics, Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Acoustic signals are used for seafloor mapping, marine communications, detecting obstacles and barriers to sound propagation which have reflective or absorptive effects. This can be used to explore oil slicks or objects on the water. In this paper, both laboratory experiments and computer simulations are used to identify the material of the surface layer. For this purpose, a sound wave with a frequency of 59 kHz was emitted in a homogeneous environment under laboratory conditions and the data were collected. The experiment was performed using a tank with free surface and oil cover and with transmitter being positioned at different angles. Ray theory is used to verify the experimental laboratory results with computer simulation results. The experiments were performed in a 300 cm long, 50 cm wide and 80 cm deep glass tank. According to the simulation results, the accumulation of rays occurs at depths above 50 cm. By considering the temporal differences that appear in different patterns that are due to different surface layers and stratification, it is possible to determine the material of the surface layer and how sound moves in water. Also, the angle of the transmitter has a great effect on the sound signal. According to the results, sound is better emitted when the transmitter angle is 45 degrees.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Ray theory
Inverse acoustic method
Water layering
Acoustic waves
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[2]   Officer CB. Introduction to the theory of sound transmission. Reflectivity. 1958.
[3]   Deschamps GA, Rippin JF, Mast PE. Beam tracing and applications. Department of Electrical Engineering, Engineering Experiment Station, University of Illinois; 1964 Jun 8.
[4]   Munk WH. Sound channel in an exponentially stratified ocean, with application to SOFAR. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 1974 Feb;55(2):220-6.
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[14] Gazioğlu C, Müftüoğlu AE, Demir V, Aksu A, Okutan V. Connection between ocean acidification and sound propagation. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics. 2015;2(2):16-26.
[15] Kim SH, Kim BN, Kim E, Choi BK, Kim DS. Effects of water temperature inversion layer on underwater sound propagation in the East China Sea. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. 2017 Jun 27;56(7S1):07JG05.
[16] Kosheleva AV, Lazaryuk AY, Yaroshchuk IO. Estimation of acoustic and oceanological seawater characteristics by temperature measurements in the Sea of Japan shelf zone. In Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics PRUAC2015 2015 Sep 23 (Vol. 24, No. 1, p. 005001). Acoustical Society of America.
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[1]   Brown MG. Application of the WKBJ Green’s function to acoustic propagation in horizontally stratified oceans. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 1982 Jun;71(6):1427-32.
[2]   Officer CB. Introduction to the theory of sound transmission. Reflectivity. 1958.
[3]   Deschamps GA, Rippin JF, Mast PE. Beam tracing and applications. Department of Electrical Engineering, Engineering Experiment Station, University of Illinois; 1964 Jun 8.
[4]   Munk WH. Sound channel in an exponentially stratified ocean, with application to SOFAR. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 1974 Feb;55(2):220-6.
[5]   Bucker HP, Porter MB. Gaussian beams and 3-D bottom interacting acoustic systems. InOcean Seismo-Acoustics 1986 (pp. 87-101). Springer, Boston, MA.
[6]   Ramo S, Whinnery JR, Van Duzer T. Fields and waves in communication electronics. John Wiley & Sons; 1994.
[7]   Lurton X. An introduction to underwater acoustics.
[8]   Karlsson J, Petrich C, Eicken H. Oil entrainment and migration in laboratory-grown saltwater ice. InProceedings of the International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering Under Arctic Conditions 2011 (No. POAC11-186).
[9]   Colosi JA. Sound propagation through the stochastic ocean. Cambridge University Press; 2016 Jun 20.
[10]Zhang Y, Chen H, Xu W, Yang TC, Huang J. Spatiotemporal tracking of ocean current field with distributed acoustic sensor network. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. 2016 Oct 5;42(3):681-96.
[11] Real G, Cristol X, Habault D, Sessarego JP, Fattaccioli D. RAFAL: Random Faced Acoustic Lens used to model internal waves effects on underwater acoustic propagation. InUACE2015 3rd Underwater Acoustics Conference & Exhibition 2015 Jun 22.
[12] Parnum IM, MacLeod R, Duncan AJ, Gavrilov AN. The effect of internal waves on underwater sound propagation. IN: Proceedings of ACOUSTICS 2017. ACOUSTICS; 2017 November19-22; Perth, Australia
[13] Murthy PG, Murthy GR. A case study on the influence of internal waves on sound propagation in the sea. Journal of sound and vibration. 1986 Aug 8;108(3):447-54.
[14] Gazioğlu C, Müftüoğlu AE, Demir V, Aksu A, Okutan V. Connection between ocean acidification and sound propagation. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics. 2015;2(2):16-26.
[15] Kim SH, Kim BN, Kim E, Choi BK, Kim DS. Effects of water temperature inversion layer on underwater sound propagation in the East China Sea. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. 2017 Jun 27;56(7S1):07JG05.
[16] Kosheleva AV, Lazaryuk AY, Yaroshchuk IO. Estimation of acoustic and oceanological seawater characteristics by temperature measurements in the Sea of Japan shelf zone. In Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics PRUAC2015 2015 Sep 23 (Vol. 24, No. 1, p. 005001). Acoustical Society of America.
[17] Bahrami N, Khamis NH, Baharom A, Yahya A. Underwater channel characterization to design wireless sensor network by bellhop. TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control). 2016 Mar 1;14(1):110-8.
[18] Mellberg LE, Johannessen OM. Layered oceanic microstructure—its effect on sound propagation. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 1973 Feb;53(2):571-80.
[19] Makar A. Simplified Method of Determination of the Sound Speed in Water on the Basis of Temperature Measurements and Salinity Prediction for Shallow Water Bathymetry. Remote Sensing. 2022 Jan 28;14(3):636.
[20] Tindle CT, Deane GB. Shallow water sound propagation with surface waves. The journal of the acoustical society of America. 2005 May;117(5):2783-94.
[21] Rubenstein D, Brill MH. Acoustic variability due to internal waves and surface waves in shallow water. InOcean Variability & Acoustic Propagation 1991 (pp. 215-228). Springer, Dordrecht.
[22] Xu J, Lermusiaux PF, Haley Jr PJ, Leslie WG, Logutov OG. Spatial and temporal variations in acoustic propagation during the PLUSNet'07 exercise in Dabob Bay. In: Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics 155ASA; 2008 Jun 29. Acoustical Society of America;2008:4(1).p. 070001.
[23] Červený V. Synthetic body wave seismograms for laterally varying layered structures by the Gaussian beam method. Geophysical Journal International. 1983 May 1;73(2):389-426.
[24] Červený V. Synthetic body wave seismograms for laterally varying layered structures by the Gaussian beam method. Geophysical Journal International. 1983 May 1;73(2):389-426.
[25] Westwood EK, Vidmar PJ. Eigenray finding and time series simulation in a layered‐bottom ocean. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 1987 Apr;81(4):912-24.
[26] Sridevi B, Murty TR, Sadhuram Y, Rao MM, Maneesha K, Kumar SS, Prasanna PL. Impact of internal waves on sound propagation off Bhimilipatnam, east coast of India. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2010 Jun 20;88(2):249-59.
 [27]        Kumar PV, Radhakrishnan KG. Transmission Loss Variability Associated with Upwelling and Downwelling Off the Southwest Coast of India. Defence science journal. 2010 Sep 1;60(5).
[28] Guan S, Brookens T, Vignola J. Use of underwater acoustics in marine conservation and policy: Previous advances, current status, and future needs. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2021 Feb 9;9(2):173.
[29] Petrov PS, Ehrhardt M, Tyshchenko AG, Petrov PN. Wide-angle mode parabolic equations for the modelling of horizontal refraction in underwater acoustics and their numerical solution on unbounded domains. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2020 Oct 13;484:115526.
[30] Tu H, Wang Y, Liu W, Ma X, Xiao W, Lan Q. A Chebyshev spectral method for normal mode and parabolic equation models in underwater acoustics. Mathematical Problems in Engineering. 2020 May 20;2020.
[31] Kaya YB, Ranjbar M. A Review on Methods and Approaches in Underwater Acoustics. Computational Research Progress in Applied Science and Engineering. 2020;6(3):220-7.
[32] Polichetti M, Baron V, Mars JI, Nicolas B. Multiplane deconvolution in underwater acoustics: Simultaneous estimations of source level and position. JASA Express Letters. 2021 Jul 8;1(7):076001.
[33] Bjørnø L, Neighbors T, Bradley D. Applied underwater acoustics. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2017.
[34] Thode A. An overview of research in underwater acoustics. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 2016 Apr;139(4):2004-.
[35] Hassantabar Bozroudi SH, Ciani D, Mohammad Mahdizadeh M, Akbarinasab M, Aguiar AC, Peliz A, Chapron B, Fablet R, Carton X. Effect of Subsurface Mediterranean Water Eddies on Sound Propagation Using ROMS Output and the Bellhop Model. Water. 2021 Dec 16;13(24):3617.
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[38]         Jensen FB, Kuperman WA, Porter MB, Schmidt H, Tolstoy A. Computational ocean acoustics. New York: Springer; 2011 Jun 10. 

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