Human societies and the environment are facing major challenges due to climate change. Global warming, indicated by the projected rise in Earth’s surface temperature, is not uniform across the planet, making regional assessments essential for understanding local impacts and developing adaptation strategies. This study employs the CanESM5.0 climate projection model, based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), to analyze the effects of climate change on meteorological parameters and future drought conditions at the Selseleh synoptic station in Lorestan Province, Iran. To simulate meteorological parameters, recorded temperature and precipitation data for the period 1997–2022 were used. Future climate projections for the period 2023–2043 were evaluated under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios: an optimistic scenario (SSP1–2.6), a moderate scenario (SSP2–4.5), and a pessimistic scenario (SSP5–8.5). The results show that the CanESM5.0 model demonstrates good performance in simulating temperature but performs less effectively for precipitation. Future projections indicate that the Selseleh region will experience the impacts of global warming, with an overall increase in mean annual temperature and a decrease in mean annual precipitation across all three scenarios. Seasonal analysis reveals that the highest precipitation and lowest temperatures occur in winter, while the lowest precipitation and highest temperatures are recorded in summer. These findings provide valuable insights for future water resource management, the development of adaptation strategies, and evidence-based planning to mitigate the effects of climate change in the region.