Hydrophysics

Hydrophysics

Study and Effects of Mesoscale Eddies in Persian Gulf on the Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) and Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
, Department of Physics, Faculty of Convergent Sciences and Technologies SR.C, Islamic Azad University ,Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
In the Persian Gulf, information on the characteristics of mesoscale eddies is limited, even though these currents can significantly affect ship performance. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of mesoscale eddies on the Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) and the Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) for oil tankers. Four mesoscale eddies, identified using oceanographic data, were analyzed. A numerical model was implemented with appropriate boundary conditions and seasonal current fields, and a westward current with an average speed of about 0.1 m s⁻¹ was extracted for different months of the year. The effect of these currents on the speed, fuel consumption, and environmental performance indicators of a representative tanker was then evaluated. The results show that following routes influenced by mesoscale eddies increases fuel consumption by approximately 8–12% and leads to higher emission indices because of the longer sailing distance, whereas conventional shipping routes are shorter, more energy-efficient, and more cost-effective. Nevertheless, knowledge of the location and characteristics of these eddies can support better route planning, help anticipate ship drift, and reduce risks during emergencies such as loss of propulsion or steering.
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Volume 10, Issue 2 - Serial Number 19
September 2025
Pages 55-65

  • Receive Date 03 November 2025
  • Revise Date 27 December 2025
  • Accept Date 27 December 2025